Tay Bridge and Forth Bridge William Arrol

-


a view of tay bridge dundee


in 1878, arrol secured contract caledonian railway bridge on clyde, , in 1882 awarded reconstruction contract tay rail bridge, had collapsed in 1879. company went on construct forth bridge completed in 1890. @ time, tay , forth bridges largest of type in world. notable not size use of steel in forth bridge, , riveting method developed arrol attach girders 1 another.



forth bridge


the forth bridge is, today, regarded engineering marvel. 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in length, , double track elevated 46 m (approx. 150 ft) above high tide. consists of 2 main spans of 1,710 ft (520 m), 2 side spans of 675 ft, 15 approach spans of 168 ft (51 m), , 5 of 25 ft (7.6 m). each main span comprises 2 680 ft (210 m) cantilever arms supporting central 350 ft (110 m) span girder bridge. 3 great four-tower cantilever structures 340 ft (104 m) tall, each 70 ft (21 m) diameter foot resting on separate foundation. southern group of foundations had constructed caissons under compressed air, depth of 90 ft (27 m). @ peak, approximately 4,600 workers employed in construction. initially, recorded 57 lives lost; however, after extensive research local historians, figure has been revised upwards 98.


both bridges known high safety factors, natural result of under-design of first tay bridge thomas bouch, , both bridges have (2008) been renovated.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CACHEbox ApplianSys

-
cachebox230 server appliance cachebox s caching engine employs code squid project. in 2005 launched becta approved protex content filtering service in collaboration east of england broadband network, represent more 2800 schools across 10 authorities. in 2006, acquired assets , customer base of rival freedom2. has since expanded activity north american schools market , caching device requested schools 2015 e-rate funding.
Read more

Kinship systems Apache

-
hide painting depicting apache girl s puberty ceremony, naiche (chiricahua apache), ca. 1900, oklahoma history center the chiricahua language has 4 different words grandparent: -chú maternal grandmother , -tsúyé maternal grandfather , -chʼiné paternal grandmother , -nálé paternal grandfather . additionally, grandparent s siblings identified same word; thus, 1 s maternal grandmother, 1 s maternal grandmother s sisters, , 1 s maternal grandmother s brothers called -chú. furthermore, grandparent terms reciprocal, is, grandparent use same term refer grandchild in relationship. example, person s maternal grandmother called -chú , maternal grandmother call person -chú (i.e. -chú can mean child of either own daughter or sibling s daughter.) chiricahua cousins not distinguished siblings through kinship terms. thus, same word refer either sibling or cousin (there not separate terms parallel-cousin , cross-cousin). additionally, terms used according sex of speaker (unlike english terms broth...
Read more

Western Apache Apache

-
a western apache woman san carlos group western apache include northern tonto, southern tonto, cibecue, white mountain , san carlos groups. while these subgroups spoke same language , had kinship ties, western apaches considered separate each other, according goodwin. other writers have used term refer non-navajo apachean peoples living west of rio grande (thus failing distinguish chiricahua other apacheans). goodwin s formulation: apache peoples have lived within present boundaries of state of arizona during historic times exception of chiricahua, warm springs, , allied apache, , small band of apaches known apache mansos, lived in vicinity of tucson. cibecue western apache group, according goodwin, north of salt river between tonto , white mountain apache, consisting of ceder creek, carrizo, , cibecue (proper) bands. san carlos. western apache group ranged closest tucson according goodwin. group consisted of apache peaks, arivaipa, pinal, san carlos (proper) bands. arivaipa (also ara...
Read more