Viral budding ESCRT

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retroviral budding of hiv. a) accumulation of viral proteins under cell membrane causes virus protrude outward. b) constriction formed escrt complexes @ base of membrane protrusion causing formation of virus containing vesicle. c) bud pinches off leaving free extracellular virion. (photo provided dr. matthew gonda (wikimedia commons: nov. 1998), national cancer institute image id: 2382)


the release of viral particles, known viral budding, process free virions released within cells via hijacking of host cell escrt machinery. retroviruses, such hiv-1 , human t-lymphotropic virus, number of enveloped viruses, including ebola virus, require escrt machinery exit host cell. process initiated viral gag proteins, major structural proteins of retroviral coats, interact tsg101 of escrt-i complex , alix accessory protein. escrt-iii subunits (only chmp4 , chmp2 being essential ) recruited site of viral budding constrict , sever neck of bud in manner similar described membrane abscission during cytokinesis. vps4 recycles escrt-iii components cytosol , virus released cell. mechanism described here utilizes metazoan proteins, viral budding has been studied more extensively in metazoans.








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