Forms of exposure Health effects of tobacco

1 forms of exposure

1.1 second-hand smoke
1.2 chewing tobacco
1.3 cigars
1.4 hookahs
1.5 dipping tobacco

forms of exposure
second-hand smoke


posted sign avoid passive smoking in york university, toronto, ontario, canada.

second-hand smoke mixture of smoke burning end of cigarette, pipe or cigar, , smoke exhaled lungs of smokers. involuntarily inhaled, lingers in air hours after cigarettes have been extinguished, , may cause wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections , asthma. non-smokers exposed second-hand smoke @ home or work thought, due wide variety of statistical studies, increase heart disease risk 25–30% , lung cancer risk 20–30%. second-hand smoke has been estimated cause 38,000 deaths per year, of 3,400 deaths lung cancer in non-smokers.

the current surgeon general’s report concludes there no established risk-free level of exposure second-hand smoke. short exposures second-hand smoke believed cause blood platelets become stickier, damage lining of blood vessels, decrease coronary flow velocity reserves, , reduce heart rate variability, potentially increasing risk of heart attack. new research indicates private research conducted cigarette company philip morris in 1980s showed second-hand smoke toxic, yet company suppressed finding during next 2 decades.

chewing tobacco

chewing tobacco has been known cause cancer, particularly of mouth , throat. according international agency research on cancer, health scientists have suggested smokeless tobacco should used in smoking cessation programmes , have made implicit or explicit claims use partly reduce exposure of smokers carcinogens , risk cancer. these claims, however, not supported available evidence. oral , spit tobacco increase risk leukoplakia precursor oral cancer.

cigars

like other forms of smoking, cigar smoking poses significant health risk depending on dosage: risks greater inhale more when smoke, smoke more cigars, or smoke them longer. risk of dying cause greater cigar smokers, risk particularly higher smokers less 65 years old, , risk moderate , deep inhalers reaching levels similar cigarette smokers. increased risk smoking 1–2 cigars per day small statistically significant, , health risks of 3/4 of cigar smokers smoke less daily not known , hard measure. although has been claimed people smoke few cigars have no increased risk, more accurate statement risks proportionate exposure. health risks similar cigarette smoking in nicotine addiction, periodontal health, tooth loss, , many types of cancer, including cancers of mouth, throat, , esophagus. cigar smoking can cause cancers of lung , larynx, increased risk less of cigarettes. many of these cancers have extremely low cure rates. cigar smoking increases risk of lung , heart diseases such chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

hookahs

a common belief among users smoke of hookah (waterpipe, narghile) less dangerous cigarettes. water moisture induced hookah makes smoke less irritating , may give false sense of security , reduce concerns true health effects. doctors @ institutions including mayo clinic have stated use of hookah can detrimental person s health smoking cigarettes, , study world health organization confirmed these findings.

each hookah session typically lasts more 40 minutes, , consists of 50 200 inhalations each range 0.15 0.50 liters of smoke. in hour-long smoking session of hookah, users consume 100 200 times smoke of single cigarette; study in journal of periodontology found water pipe smokers marginally more regular smokers show signs of gum disease, showing rates 5-fold higher non-smokers rather 3.8-fold risk regular smokers show. according usa today, people smoked water pipes had 5 times risk of lung cancer of non-smokers.

a study on hookah smoking , cancer in pakistan published in 2008. objective find serum cea levels in ever/exclusive hookah smokers, i.e. smoked hookah (no cigarettes, bidis, etc.), prepared between 1 , 4 times day quantity of 120 g of tobacco-molasses mixture each (i.e. tobacco weight equivalent of 60 cigarettes of 1 g each) , consumed in 1 8 sessions . carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) marker found in several forms of cancer. levels in exclusive hookah smokers lower compared cigarette smokers although difference not statistically significant between hookah smoker , non-smoker. also, study concluded heavy hookah smoking (2–4 daily preparations; 3–8 sessions day ; >2 hrs ≤ 6 hours) substantially raises cea levels. hookah smokers 6 times more develop lung cancer compared healthy non-smokers in kashmir (india).

dipping tobacco

dipping tobacco, commonly referred snuff, put in mouth, flavored powder. placed between cheek , gum. dipping tobacco doesn t need chewed nicotine absorbed body. first-time users of these products become nauseated , dizzy. long-term effects include bad breath, yellowed teeth, , increased risk of oral cancer.

users of dipping tobacco believed face less risk of cancers smokers still @ greater risk people not use tobacco products. have equal risk of other health problems directly linked nicotine such increased rate of atherosclerosis.