Biography Fabrizio Ruffo

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when in december 1798 french troops advanced on naples, ruffo fled palermo royal family. chosen head royalist movement in calabria, family, though impoverished debt, exercised large feudal powers. named vicar-general on 25 january 1800. on 8 february landed @ la cortona small following, , began raise so-called army of faith in association michele pezza, fra diavolo , , other brigand leaders. backed russian fleet of admiral ushakov, ruffo had no difficulty in upsetting parthenopean republican government established french, , june had advanced naples. possibly exceeding authority, promised neapolitan republicans immunity reprisals , obtained surrender in june, 1799. in meantime rear-admiral horatio nelson appeared fleet; called cardinal task leniency, , revoked terms of surrender. republicans, asserted, had surrendered under terms unclear. 1 of main republican figures, former admiral francesco caracciolo, ignominiously executed on 30 june, , widespread reprisals , executions of other republican sympathizers in naples followed.


the campaign gave rise controversy among nineteenth-century historians. ruffo appears have lost favor king showing tendency spare republicans. resigned vicar-generalship prince of cassero, , during second french occupation , reigns of joseph bonaparte , joachim murat lived quietly in naples. notice taken of him napoleon, never held important post. after restoration of bourbons received favor. during revolutionary troubles of 1822 consulted king, , in office short time loyalist minister.







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