Western Apache Apache

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a western apache woman san carlos group


western apache include northern tonto, southern tonto, cibecue, white mountain , san carlos groups. while these subgroups spoke same language , had kinship ties, western apaches considered separate each other, according goodwin. other writers have used term refer non-navajo apachean peoples living west of rio grande (thus failing distinguish chiricahua other apacheans). goodwin s formulation: apache peoples have lived within present boundaries of state of arizona during historic times exception of chiricahua, warm springs, , allied apache, , small band of apaches known apache mansos, lived in vicinity of tucson.



cibecue western apache group, according goodwin, north of salt river between tonto , white mountain apache, consisting of ceder creek, carrizo, , cibecue (proper) bands.
san carlos. western apache group ranged closest tucson according goodwin. group consisted of apache peaks, arivaipa, pinal, san carlos (proper) bands.

arivaipa (also aravaipa) band of san carlos apache. schroeder believes arivaipa separate people in pre-reservation times. arivaipa hispanized word o odham language. arivaipa known tsézhiné ( black rock ) in western apache language.
pinal (also pinaleños). 1 of bands of san carlos group of western apache, described goodwin. used along coyotero refer more 1 of 2 major western apache divisions. pinaleño referred gila apache.


tonto. goodwin divided northern tonto , southern tonto groups, living in north , west areas of western apache groups according goodwin. north of phoenix, north of verde river. schroeder has suggested tonto yavapais assimilated western apache culture. tonto 1 of major dialects of western apache language. tonto apache speakers traditionally bilingual in western apache , yavapai. goodwin s northern tonto consisted of bald mountain, fossil creek, mormon lake, , oak creek bands; southern tonto consisted of mazatzal band , unidentified semi-bands .
white mountain easternmost group of western apache, according goodwin, included eastern white mountain , western white mountain apache.

coyotero refers southern pre-reservation white mountain group of western apache, has been used more refer apache in general, western apache, or apache band in high plains of southern colorado kansas.






^ goodwin, p.55






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