Schools of Islamic theology Islamic schools and branches

1 schools of islamic theology

1.1 kalām

1.1.1 ash ari
1.1.2 maturidi


1.2 traditionalist theology
1.3 murji ah
1.4 qadariyyah
1.5 mu tazili
1.6 jahmiyyah
1.7 bāṭeniyyah

schools of islamic theology

aqidah islamic term meaning creed , doctrine, or article of faith. there have existed many schools of islamic theology, not of survive present day. major themes of theological controversies in islam have included predestination , free will, nature of quran, nature of divine attributes, apparent , esoteric meaning of scripture, , role of dialectical reasoning in islamic doctrine.

kalām

kalām islamic philosophy of seeking theological principles through dialectic. in arabic, word literally means speech/words . scholar of kalām referred mutakallim (muslim theologian; plural mutakallimūn). there many schools of kalam, main ones being ash ari , maturidi schools in sunni islam.

ash ari

ash arism school of theology founded in 10th century abu al-hasan al-ash ari. asharite view comprehension of unique nature , characteristics of god beyond human capability.

maturidi

maturidism school of theology founded abu mansur al maturidi, close variant of ash ari school. points differ nature of belief , place of human reason. maturidis state belief (iman) not increase nor decrease remains static; piety (taqwa) increases , decreases. ash aris belief in fact increase , decrease. maturidis unaided human mind able find out of more major sins such alcohol or murder evil without of revelation. ash aris unaided human mind unable know if or evil, lawful or unlawful, without divine revelation.

traditionalist theology

traditionalist theology, referred athari school, derives name word tradition translation of arabic word hadith or arabic word athar, meaning narrations . traditionalist creed avoid delving extensive theological speculation. rely on qur an, sunnah, , sayings of sahaba, seeing middle path attributes of allah accepted without questioning nature (bi la kayf). ahmad bin hanbal regarded leader of traditionalist school of creed. term athari has been historically synonymous salafi. central aspect of traditionalist theology definition of tawhid, meaning literally unification or asserting oneness of allah.

murji ah

murji ah name politico-religious movement came refer identified faith (iman) belief exclusion of acts.

qadariyyah

qadariyyah derogatory term designating islamic theologians asserted humans possess free will, exercise makes them responsible actions, justifying divine punishment , absolving god of responsibility evil in world. of doctrines later adopted mu tazilis , rejected ash aris.

mu tazili

mu tazili theology originated in 8th century in al-basrah when wasil ibn ata left teaching lessons of hasan al-basri after theological dispute. , followers expanded on logic , rationalism of greek philosophy, seeking combine them islamic doctrines , show 2 inherently compatible. mu tazili debated philosophical questions such whether qur created or eternal, whether evil created god, issue of predestination versus free will, whether god s attributes in qur interpreted allegorically or literally, , whether sinning believers have eternal punishment in hell.

jahmiyyah

jahmis alleged followers of islamic theologian jahm bin safwan associate himself al-harith ibn surayj. exponent of extreme determinism according man acts metaphorically in same way in sun acts or when sets.

bāṭeniyyah

the batiniyyah name given allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among shia groups, stressing bāṭin (inward, esoteric) meaning of texts. has been retained branches of isma ilism , druze offshoot. alawites practice similar system of interpretation.