List of names Apache

1 list of names

1.1 chiricahua
1.2 jicarilla
1.3 lipan
1.4 mescalero
1.5 plains apache
1.6 western apache
1.7 other terms

list of names

the list below based on foster , mccollough (2001), opler (1983b, 1983c, 2001), , de reuse (1983).

the term apache refers 6 major apache-speaking groups: chiricahua, jicarilla, lipan, mescalero, plains apache, , western apache. historically, term used comanches, mojaves, hualapais, , yavapais, none of whom speak apache languages.

chiricahua

chiricahua historically lived in southeastern arizona. chíshí (also tchishi) navajo word meaning chiricahua, southern apaches in general .

ch’úúkʾanén (also Č’ók’ánéń, Č’ó·k’anén, chokonni, cho-kon-nen, cho kŭnĕ́, chokonen) eastern chiricahua band identified morris opler. name autonym chiricahua language.
gileño (also apaches de gila, apaches de xila, apaches de la sierra de gila, xileños, gilenas, gilans, gilanians, gila apache, gilleños) referred several different apache , non-apache groups @ different times. gila refers either gila river or gila mountains. of gila apaches later known mogollon apaches, chiricahua sub-band, while others coalesced chiricahua proper. but, since term used indiscriminately apachean groups west of rio grande (i.e. in southeast arizona , western new mexico), reference in historical documents unclear. after 1722, spanish documents start distinguish between these different groups, in case apaches de gila refers western apache living along gila river (synonymous coyotero). american writers first used term refer mimbres (another chiricahua subdivision).
mimbreños tchihende, name being referred central apache division improperly considered section of opler s eastern chiricahua band , , albert schroeder s mimbres , warm springs (see copper mines) chiricahua bands in southwestern new mexico.
copper mines mimbreños (also coppermine) located on upper reaches of gila river, new mexico, in pinos altos area. (see gileño , mimbreños.)
warm springs mimbreños (also warmspring) located on upper reaches of gila river, new mexico, in ojo caliente area. (see gileño , mimbreños.)
mogollon considered schroeder separate pre-reservation chiricahua band, while opler considered mogollon part of eastern chiricahua band in new mexico.

jicarilla

jicarilla live in northern new mexico, southern colorado, , texas panhandle. term jicarilla comes spanish word little gourd.

carlana (also carlanes, sierra blanca) raton mesa in southeastern colorado. in 1726, joined cuartelejo , paloma, , 1730s, lived jicarilla. llanero band of jicarilla or dáchizh-ó-zhn jicarilla (defined james mooney) might descendants of carlana, cuartelejo, , paloma. parts of group called lipiyanes or llaneros. in 1812, term carlana used mean jicarilla. flechas de palo might have been part of or absorbed carlana (or cuartelejo).

lipan

lipan (also ypandis, ypandes, ipandes, ipandi, lipanes, lipanos, lipaines, lapane, lipanis, etc.) live in western texas today. traveled pecos river in eastern new mexico upper colorado river, san saba river , llano river of central texas across edwards plateau southeast gulf of mexico. close allies of natagés. called plains lipan (golgahį́į́, kó l kukä ⁿ, prairie men ), not confused lipiyánes or le panis (french pawnee). first mentioned in 1718 records being near newly established town of san antonio, texas.

pelones ( bald ones ) lived far san antonio , far northeast of ypandes near red river of south of north-central texas, although able field 800 warriors, more ypandes , natagés together, described less warlike because had fewer horses plains lipan, population estimated between 1,600 , 2,400 persons, forest lipan division (chishį́į́hį́į́, tcici, tcicihi - people of forest , after 1760 name pelones never used spanish texas apache group, pelones had fled comanche south , southwest, never mixed plains lipan division - retaining distinct identity, morris opler told lipan informants in 1935 tribal name people of forest )

mescalero

mescaleros live in eastern new mexico.

faraones (also apaches faraone, paraonez, pharaones, taraones, or taracones) derived spanish faraón meaning pharaoh. before 1700, name vague. between 1720 , 1726, referred apache between rio grande, pecos river, area around santa fe, , conchos river. after 1726, faraones referred groups of north , central parts of region. faraones part of modern-day mescalero or merged them. after 1814, term faraones disappeared , replaced mescalero.
sierra blanca mescaleros northern mescalero group sierra blanca mountains, roamed in eastern new mexico , western texas.
sacramento mescaleros northern mescalero group sacramento , organ mountains, roamed in eastern new mexico , western texas.
guadalupe mescaleros. northern mescalero group guadalupe mountains, roamed in eastern new mexico , western texas.
limpia mescaleros southern mescalero group limpia mountains (later named davis mountains) , roamed in eastern new mexico , western texas.
natagés (also natagees, apaches del natafé, natagêes, yabipais natagé, natageses, natajes) term used 1726 1820 refer faraón, sierra blanca, , siete ríos apaches of southeastern new mexico. in 1745, natagé reported have consisted of mescalero (around el paso , organ mountains) , salinero (around rio salado), these same group, oft called spanish , apaches true apaches, had had considerable influence on decision making of bands of western lipan in 18th century. after 1749, term synonymous mescalero, replaced it.

plains apache

plains apache (kiowa-apache, naisha, naʼishandine) headquartered in southwest oklahoma. historically, followed kiowa. other names them include ná’įįsha, ná’ęsha, na’isha, na’ishandine, na-i-shan-dina, na-ishi, na-e-ca, ną’ishą́, nadeicha, nardichia, nadíisha-déna, na’dí’į́shą́ʼ, nądí’įįshąą, , naisha.

querechos referred coronado in 1541, possibly plains apaches, @ times maybe navajo. other spanish might have called them vaquereo or llanero.

western apache

a western apache woman san carlos group

western apache include northern tonto, southern tonto, cibecue, white mountain , san carlos groups. while these subgroups spoke same language , had kinship ties, western apaches considered separate each other, according goodwin. other writers have used term refer non-navajo apachean peoples living west of rio grande (thus failing distinguish chiricahua other apacheans). goodwin s formulation: apache peoples have lived within present boundaries of state of arizona during historic times exception of chiricahua, warm springs, , allied apache, , small band of apaches known apache mansos, lived in vicinity of tucson.

cibecue western apache group, according goodwin, north of salt river between tonto , white mountain apache, consisting of ceder creek, carrizo, , cibecue (proper) bands.
san carlos. western apache group ranged closest tucson according goodwin. group consisted of apache peaks, arivaipa, pinal, san carlos (proper) bands.

arivaipa (also aravaipa) band of san carlos apache. schroeder believes arivaipa separate people in pre-reservation times. arivaipa hispanized word o odham language. arivaipa known tsézhiné ( black rock ) in western apache language.
pinal (also pinaleños). 1 of bands of san carlos group of western apache, described goodwin. used along coyotero refer more 1 of 2 major western apache divisions. pinaleño referred gila apache.


tonto. goodwin divided northern tonto , southern tonto groups, living in north , west areas of western apache groups according goodwin. north of phoenix, north of verde river. schroeder has suggested tonto yavapais assimilated western apache culture. tonto 1 of major dialects of western apache language. tonto apache speakers traditionally bilingual in western apache , yavapai. goodwin s northern tonto consisted of bald mountain, fossil creek, mormon lake, , oak creek bands; southern tonto consisted of mazatzal band , unidentified semi-bands .
white mountain easternmost group of western apache, according goodwin, included eastern white mountain , western white mountain apache.

coyotero refers southern pre-reservation white mountain group of western apache, has been used more refer apache in general, western apache, or apache band in high plains of southern colorado kansas.



other terms

llanero spanish-language borrowing meaning plains dweller . name referred several different groups hunted buffalo on great plains. (see carlanas.)
lipiyánes (also lipiyán, lipillanes). coalition of splinter groups of nadahéndé (natagés), guhlkahéndé, , lipan of 18th century under leadership of picax-ande-ins-tinsle ( strong arm ), fought comanche on plains. term not confused lipan.




^ similar words occur in jicarilla chíshín , lipan chishį́į́hį́į́ forest lipan .
^ opler lists 3 chiricahua bands, while schroeder lists five
^ goodwin, p.55