On children Coyote attacks on humans

an urban coyote approaches child in school yard in pitt meadows, british columbia.

while bushy hair can make them quite large, coyotes weigh more thirty-five pounds. also, unlike other canids, such wolves, relatively less apt hunt in packs large enough take down full-grown adult human being. thus, coyote attacks tend greater threat children adults.

california (1978–2003)

a study published in 2004 documented 35 incidents in child escaped serious or fatal injury if child had not been rescued in time. these included:

in may 1978, coyote bit leg of 5-year-old pasadena girl in driveway of home.
in may 1979, coyote grabbed throat , cheek 2-year-old pasadena girl had been eating cookies on front porch.
in july 1979, in pasadena, coyotes lacerated leg of 17-year-old girl attempting save dog being attacked.
in august, 1979, coyote attacked 5-year-old la verne girl. father , neighbor saved child being dragged off, not before had suffered deep bites on neck, head, , legs.
in july 1980, coyote grabbed 13-month-old agoura hills baby girl midsection , started dragging off. baby suffered puncture wounds saved mother.
in august 1988, coyote nipped , bruised 4-year-old oceanside boy had been playing in yard.
in august 1988, coyote in oceanside bit rollerskate of 8-year-old girl had fallen chased away 2 women throwing rocks.
in august 1988, coyote in oceanside grabbed 3-year-old girl leg, pulled down, , bit on head , neck before being chased off mother , neighbors.
in june 1990, in reds meadow, coyote bit 5-year-old girl on head while sleeping @ campground.
in may 1992, coyote attacked 5-year-old san clemente girl, biting several times on back. girl climbed swing set escape, , mother chased coyote off.
in october 1992, in fallbrook, coyote bit 10-year-old boy on head while asleep on porch of residence.
in march 1995, in griffith park, 5-year-old girl knocked down twice coyote before being saved mother.
in june 1995, coyote chased 3 boys on university of california, riverside property, biting 7-year-old.
in july 1995, griffith park coyote chased away once, returned , bit leg of 15-month-old girl.
in september 1995, coyote attacked 3-year-old fullerton girl in yard, biting face, head, , thigh.
in november 1995, coyote @ university of california, riverside chased playing children, biting 3-year-old boy.
in june 1996, coyote grabbed 3-year-old los altos boy s head , hand , began dragging him toward bushes before saved 15-year-old brother.
in february 1997, coyote severely bit 4-year-old girl in yard in south lake tahoe. heavy snowsuit wearing protected face, , rescued father. coyote stayed in unfenced yard until police arrived , shot dead. earlier morning, coyote had bitten hand of man feeding it.
in may 2000, in la mesa, 3-year-old boy bitten on side, resulting in 4 puncture wounds.
in june 2001, in northridge, coyote injured 7-year-old, fought off mother.
in july 2001, coyote bit 3-year-old irvine boy in leg while playing in yard. boy saved father.
in october 2001, in san clemente, coyote attacked 3 children playing on playground @ truman benedict elementary school biting , scratching 8-year-old girl on of neck , 7-year-old boy on , arm. third student attacked, coyote bit backpack.
in november 2001, in san diego, coyote family had been feeding bit 8-year-old daughter.
in december 2001, in san gabriel, coyote bit 3-year-old girl in head, grabbed shoulder , started drag away, chased off father.
in may 2002, in anza-borrego state park, coyote bit boy, sleeping in sleeping bag, on head.
in may 2003, in highland, coyote came neighbor s garage chasing after 2-year-old girl, biting on arm.
in july 2003, in granada hills, boy walking family s 2 dogs when attacked 3 coyotes. 1 dog killed , other injured before rescued father.
in august 2003, in apple valley, coyote attacked 4-year-old boy on golf course, biting him on face , neck before saved father.

other reports of coyote attacks on children in california:

on june 28, 2010, coyote jumped on 12-year-old girl in spring valley. girl fell backwards , injured elbow, not bitten.
on july 18, 2013, @ forest lawn cemetery in cypress, 2-year-old girl attacked coyote while playing ten feet away mother, visiting grandmother s grave. coyote grabbed playing child , started drag off bushes, dropped child , ran away when lunged @ mother. child hospitalized 2.5 inch gash leg , began precautionary treatment rabies. authorities killed 3 coyotes @ cemetery later day. on october 9, mother filed suit alleging cemetery, not warning of risk, had liability.
on november 16, 2014, woman claimed 4-year-old daughter knocked down coyote outside hollywood, home. after attack, california department of fish , wildlife investigated couldn t find coyote, , local television news program described attack alleged .
on december 25, 2014, boy bitten in attack apparently sick coyote. saved father. before attack, block away, coyote had bitten leg of man walking children car outside home. after attack, coyote chased , bit jogger on nearby street ran away when kicked; police arrived , shot coyote, tested negative rabies.
on january 12, 2015, in ladera ranch, outside baby girl s residence, coyote limp tried attack , grab girl mother s arms . mother fought animal off enough inside safety. after attack, animal killed 2 dogs , being pursued authorities.
on may 22, 2015, in irvine, 3-year-old girl picking after dog she, twin sister, , mother had been walking, when coyote ran out of hedge , bit @ of neck, saved mother , other nearby adults. after attack, department of fish , wildlife trying track , trap coyote , planning educational programs educate residents how prevent , behave during coyote encounters. before attack, coyote had chased girl in area.
on may 22, 2015, in irvine @ silverado park, 2-year-old girl, in garage when door opened , coyote in driveway came in , bit on neck , cheek.
on october 14, 2015, in irvine, 31-year-old man , 3-year-old son attacked coyote while in garden.
on october 9, 2016, coyote bit six-year-old boy playing in irvine s springbrook park. boy s father along bystanders shouted @ , 1 woman threw sand.

coyote attack on teenagers in california:

on july 22, 2016, coyote bit 17-year-old girl on leg @ grant rea park in montebello.

other reports

coyote attacks on children in other states:

on december 17, 1997, coyotes bit 2 children in scottsdale, arizona. neither child had serious injuries.
on july 29, 1998, four-year-old boy bitten coyote while playing in backyard of home in cape cod, massachusetts. mother tried force coyote go away, kept being around. police officer responded telephone call shoot , kill it.
in april 2006, 2 coyotes bit 2 young children in bellevue, washington. euthanized afterwards.
on april 6, 2007, in middletown, new jersey, coyote bit twenty-two month old boy playing in family yard friend.
on may 21, 2007, coyote jumped out small line of bushes , bit 5-year-old , sister walked home neighbor s house in middletown, new jersey. survived due sister s scream when saw incident, needed 46 stitches in of head , rabies shots.
on december 4, 2008, nine-year-old boy in erie, colorado snowboarding six-year-old brother on golf course behind house when coyote attacked him. used snowboard fend off attack, bitten on arm. coyote in area killed, wasn t clear if same 1 had bitten boy, began course of treatment rabies.
in june 2010, 3-year-old girl , 6-year-old girl attacked , injured in separate attacks coyotes in rye, new york, suburb of new york city. six-year-old attacked 2 coyotes on june 25 , three-year-old attacked 1 coyote on june 29. there no indication animals rabid, girls given treatment precaution.
during period of 2 months, july september, 2011, 3 children between ages of 2 , 6 bitten coyote, , fourth approached coyote within 2 feet in neighborhood of broomfield, colorado. 4 encounters thought have involved same adult male coyote, lethally removed after last attack.
on august 24, 2011, before noon, two-year-old weymouth, massachusetts girl walking next stroller grandmother when coyote lunged out of hedges along sidewalk in suburban residential area. animal attacked behind, knocked child down, , bit on of head, leaving large wound. grandmother having trouble saving coyote, when neighbor came out of nearby house , got pair house, shutting coyote outside, stayed, listening, while homeowner dialed 911. girl taken hospital have scalp stitched. authorities hunted coyote finding nothing, called off hunt, later night police called area calls coyote had returned. shot animal, , although escaped, presumed have been fatally wounded, body not found, girl began course of rabies treatments. 1 week earlier, coyote in same area tried attack landscaper, fended animal off, sustaining no injury, area coyotes had not been hunted or trapped.
on october 12, 2011, in saginaw, texas star-telegram deanna boyd reported 3-year-old boy car wednesday morning daily ride day care , spilled cheerios. mother dashed inside house refill bowl heard scream , ran outside found boy lying on ground confronted coyote. toddler, colton, said had seen coming fast , had knocked me over. suffered scratch or welt on right hand did not break skin. coyote turned attention mother , father came out of house , shot coyote, tested negative rabies.
on june 22, 2012, @ nehalem bay state park on coast of oregon, coyote attacked 5-year-old girl following family beach on sand path through beachgrass. coyote first grabbed stick girl had been trailing behind her, lunged @ screaming child, nipping @ ribcage , feet , breaking skin on back, before cutting off attack confront father, succeeded in driving determined coyote off. coyote not caught, child began precautionary treatments rabies.
in evening of march 12, 2013, 2 young boys in boulder, colorado playing near creek distance away father, when surrounded 2 coyotes. boy did not run not bitten, five-year-old ran toward father bitten on leg before being saved father. before incident, city had been having problematic encounters coyotes time in area, known boulder creek path, including attacks on adults, had instituted , completed four-week hazing program instill fear of humans animals. after incident, officials hunted down , killed 2 coyotes believed same ones had bitten boy.
on may 16, 2013, between 6 , 7 pm, two-year-old girl in goose gossage park, colorado springs, colorado, playing on slide mother , brother. came down slide, mother caught her, , set aside, , in brief moment when mom turned catch brother, coyote bit girl head , ran away. doctors used stitches close large gash on right eye, , staples close gashes on of head. animal not caught, began course of rabies treatments. in aftermath of , second attack, below, authorities conducted large scale hunt animal, resulted in death of 2 adult animals. also, media printed criticism area residents authorities had been slow act complaints , warnings animals dangerous. authorities quoted saying hunting or trapping not because other coyotes take place, , state wasn t interested in spending money.
on may 16, 2013, within hour before above attack , in same place, coyote had attacked four-year-old girl, knocking down , biting on backside, tearing clothes. authorities thought same animal, , planned kill it.
on october 27, 2013, three-year-old boy in austin, illinois within alley bitten animal badly enough require plastic surgery. authorities suspected coyote, , trapped handful in area.
on may 22, 2017, eight-year-old girl in stillwater, oklahoma attacked coyote in backyard of family s home.
on july 4, 2017, one-year-old boy bitten coyote in hastings, nebraska. family lighting fireworks @ time of incident. subsequently taken emergency room rabies shots.
on november 17, 2017, 12-year-old boy in bainbridge island, washington attacked coyote when walking 2 dogs. pack of 6 coyotes took 1 of dogs, child ran home other. later, found scratch marks on door.

coyote attacks on teenagers in other states:

on august 6, 2010 in port aransas, texas, executive lt. darryl johnson of port aransas police department told phil reynolds of south jetty news latest coyote confrontation led 2 boys scouts, 14 , 15 years old, san antonio, being bitten while sleeping outside tent near pole 3 on beach. boys taken corpus christi hospital treated. boys took preventive rabies shots.
on april 15, 2011, coyote bit two-year-old girl on neck @ regional park playground in cave creek, arizona. parents took hospital rabies treatment afterwards.
on february 22, 2012, 17-year-old boy in hopkinton, new hampshire attacked possibly rabid coyote while walking dog in woods near house. coyote approached, dog ran away, , coyote attacked boy, stood ground , punched until animal ran off. boy scratched animal s claws , possibly teeth , began precautionary rabies treatments.
on october 15, 2012,. kvue abc - kvue.com heather kovar reported 14-year-old boy in austin, texas knocked down coyote attacked on trail near home. neighbors have encountered aggressive coyotes. texas wildlife services said have had lots of sightings , animal attacks reported. teen has had series of 11 rabies shots.
in november 2013, 15-year-old-girl in johns creek, georgia jogging in neighborhood black labrador-mix when coyote chased her. hit coyote cellular phone, fled while 2 dogs fought against each other. teenage girl knocked on neighbor’s door , called father when got inside neighbor s home.
on july 12, 2015, 15-year-old boy in grapevine, texas bitten coyote when , girlfriend exiting movie theater.

coyote attacks on children in canada:

on june 29, 2009, coyote bit 2-year-old girl on school playground in port coquitlam, british columbia. adults around school s vicinity rescued girl , chased coyote away.
on may 31, 2010, 5-year-old girl in vernon, british columbia bitten coyote while walking parents , dog near greenbelt area @ 5pm. official quoted in story stated there had been 4 other attacks on humans in british columbia in preceding fifteen years.
in january 2012, 8-year-old girl in oakville, ontario playing in backyard friend when coyote jumped fence , attacked. coyote chased children inside house, stalked around outside house, ran away before police arrived. authorities killed coyote found in area later day, , girl taken hospital, treated bites leg, , given rabies shots because not clear whether rabies-free animal killed same 1 had attacked child.
on september 25, 2013, in st. catharines, ontario, coyote attacked 8-year-old girl walking on sidewalk behind stepfather, when coyote leaped @ her, biting ribcage. turned around , saw biting foot, , torso. girl treated , released coyote bite. animal not found, underwent course of rabies treatment precaution.
on june 26. 2015, 2 coyotes mauled eleven-year-old girl in valleyview, alberta. mother sent hospital stitches.
on june 26, 2017, coyote stalked 4-year-old girl walking 6-year-old brother @ mary jane shannon elementary school in surrey, british columbia. woman nearby honked car s horn , screamed @ animal.

coyote attacks on teenagers in canada:

on july 14, 2003, coyote bit 18-year-old american girl on 1 of arms while hiking parents on skyline trail @ cape breton highlands national park in nova scotia.
on august 9, 2010, coyote bit sleeping 16-year-old girl s head twice in tent while camping parents on eastern end of cape breton highlands national park in ingonish, nova scotia. taken hospital stitches , treatment prevent rabies.
on may 15, 2012, 14-year-old boy in westmount, nova scotia wore body armour, motocross pants , boots when coyote attacked him on trail near home. 3 protective gears helped him survive predatory incident.
on september 21, 2012, 16-year-old girl attacked coyote in new waterford, nova scotia while walking school. had heard growling in bushes, but, seeing nothing, continued walking , hit behind , knocked down. @ moment, car happened along, , motorist sounded horn, scaring coyote away. department of natural resources hired professional trap animal.




^ timm,, robert m., university of california, davis; baker, rex o.; bennett, joe r.; coolahan, craig c. (2004-03-03). ; coyote attacks: increasing suburban problem . hopland research , extension center. pp. 47–49. retrieved 2012-06-25. information gathered, list 89 coyote attacks in california (incidents when 1 or more coyotes made physical contact child or adult, or attacked pet while in close proximity owner) (table 1). in 56 of these attacks, 1 or more persons suffered injury. in 77 additional encounters (not listed), coyotes stalked children, chased individuals, or aggressively threatened adults. in 35 incidents (not listed), coyotes stalked or attacked small children, possibility of serious or fatal injury seems if child had not been rescued. 
^ coyote attacks 12-year-old in spring valley . 29 june 2010. retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ venegas, ana (22 july 2013). 2-year-old recovering coyote attack @ cypress cemetery . orange county register. retrieved 23 july 2013. 
^ foxhall, emily (23 july 2013). 2-year-old girl in spirits after coyote attack @ o.c . los angeles times. local news: tribune newspaper websites. retrieved 24 july 2013. 
^ city news service. woman sues forest lawn after coyote attack while visiting mother s grave . la daily news. retrieved 27 october 2013. according suit, happened because of insufficient gating , lack of other preventive measures cemetery officials. park allegedly failed warn visitors of risk of being in cemetery wild animals freely roamed, suit states. teroganesian suffered various severe , permanent injuries because of incident, according complaint. 
^ cheng, kimberly (november 21, 2014). woman claims 4-year-old daughter attacked coyote outside hollywood home . ktla.com. tribune. retrieved 1 december 2014. department of fish , wildlife investigating alleged coyote attack involving 4-year-old girl in hollywood. incident reportedly occurred sunday morning in hollywood dell area. 
^ fremont police kill coyote after attacked residents on christmas afternoon . cbs sf bay area. cbs. december 26, 2014. retrieved 31 december 2014. 
^ bender, kristen j. (december 30, 2014). california coyote bit man, child not rabid . abcnews.go.com. abc news internet ventures. retrieved 3 january 2015. state department of public health tested brain tissues , determined did not have rabies... 
^ cheng, kimberly (january 14, 2015). woman claims coyote tried grab baby arms in ladera ranch . ktla channel 5. abc news. retrieved 20 january 2015. 
^ amy powell , melissa macbride (may 23, 2015). 3-year-old girl bitten coyote in irvine . abc7.com. abc inc., kabc-tv los angeles. retrieved 10 october 2015. 3-year-old girl playing sister , mother attacked behind coyote friday @ park in irvine. girl bitten in neck shortly before 6 p.m. @ silverado park @ silverado , equinox. ginna mckenna heard screams , ran on help. ran across park, mckenna said. said coyote charged little girl. 2 twins , playing , supposedly went after 1 girl. girl taken hospital , released hours later minor cut in neck. california department of fish , wildlife officials responded, coyote took off , remained @ large. recommend removing pet food , water reach. when remove attractants, have move on natural habitat survive, lt. kent smirl said. s matter of education. takes persistence, consistency , patience.  
^ schwebke, scott (may 25, 2015). neighborhood on edge after coyote attacks girl in irvine park . orange county register. retrieved 8 july 2015. 
^ irvine family injured in coyote attack . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ 6-year-old boy attacked coyote while playing in irvine park – orange county register . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ 4 coyotes euthanized after spate of attacks @ montebello park . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ press, associated (17 december 1997). coyote attacks on toddlers spark probe . retrieved 22 april 2017 – via la times. 
^ press, associated. coyote attacks boy on cape cod . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ coyotes following instincts . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ tussel, ron. coyote attacks becoming more common in northeast . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ second child attacked coyote in n.j. town . 22 may 2007. retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ erie boy undergoing rabies treatment after coyote attack . abc 7 news, denver, co. 7 december 2008. retrieved 22 may 2013. boys said coyote started circling tony. tony tried fend off, coyote bit him behind. vincent saw coyote there, didn t (at first), said tony. wasn t screaming loud, screaming, tony! tony!, said vincent. tony kept snowboard between himself , coyote. (the coyote) stopped , went other way , bit him, said vincent. pushed him away , started circling again, said tony. tony got own lick in snowboard. whacked him.  
^ coyote attack – rye pd press conference , statement. myrye.com. retrieved on may 10, 2011.
^ http://abcnews.go.com/us/wirestory?id=11051852 play moves indoors near nyc after 2 coyote attacks, associated press, via abc news/u.s., june 30, 2010. retrieved june 30, 2010
^ assessment of human-coyote conflicts: city , county of broomfield, colorado memo , final report. retrieved on june 5, 2012.
^ report: 1 coyote responsible 4 summer attacks in broomfield . broomfield enterprise. may 10, 2012. retrieved june 5, 2012. 
^ brogadir, josh (24 august 2011). coyote attacks two-year-old girl in weymouth, ma . new england cable news. retrieved 11 august 2013. walking along , behind coyote came , knocked baby down , took bite of head, pretty sized bite, said robin gallagher, aunt of two-year-old girl has stitches in head. 
^ schiavone, christian (25 august 2011). weymouth police believe toddler-biting coyote dead . patriot ledger. retrieved 11 august 2013. police believe coyote attacked toddler on wednesday has died after being shot officer later night. lt. richard fuller said there have been no sightings of animal since police called main street home @ 8:20 p.m. wednesday, officer fired 2 shots @ coyote, ran woods. police continued searching woods in south weymouth on thursday. didn’t find coyote, did find blood believe came animal, fuller said. haven’t found yet , belief s expired, said. we’re hopeful s deceased deep in woods. local police , state environmental police began searching coyote after approached 2-year-old girl on clarendon street @ 11:30 a.m. wednesday, bit on head , ran woods. treated @ south shore hospital , began receiving shots prevent rabies. search called off after several hours, police called in evening when coyote reappeared. 
^ boyd, deanna (october 7, 2011). coyote confronts 3-year-old @ saginaw home . star-telegram. retrieved 15 november 2013. husband, jarred coursey, had been showering, hurried outside , found coyote still standing there. wife , colton safe inside , 1-year-old son still strapped inside car -- , oblivious happening -- jarred ran inside, grabbed shotgun , fatally shot animal. never left yard, jarred said. never acted afraid. coyotes run off. standing ground. if wanting us, expected give something. don t know if sick or what.  
^ 5-year-old on coyote encounter: feeled teeth | local & regional | katu.com - portland news, sports, traffic weather , breaking news - portland, oregon . katu.com. retrieved 2014-07-04. 
^ toddler attacked coyote in colorado springs . cbs news local. cbs denver. retrieved 19 may 2013. 
^ vogrin, bill (30 may 2013). coyote attacks cause colorado springs residents question wildlife policies . colorado springs gazette. retrieved 7 june 2013. of course, second child mauled coyote short time later, triggering full-scale hunt resulted in 2 adult coyotes being killed cpw officers @ park along monument creek north of fillmore street. on wednesday, called agency learn lab results of coyotes’ remains , give wildlife officials chance respond complaints they’ve been slow act..... there s no way can remove coyotes area, churchill said. if have habitat, going have coyotes. , state isn’t interested in spending thousands of dollars trap , remove coyotes cities, said. 
^ oravetz, janet. coyote attacks 2 small children @ park . nbc. archived original on june 15, 2013. retrieved 19 may 2013. 
^ emeil hawkins, 3-year-old chicago boy, attacked coyote after mistaking dog (video) . 15 november 2013. retrieved 22 april 2017 – via huff post. 
^ http://www.stwnewspress.com/news/local_news/stillwater-girl-recovering-from-animal-attack/article_85e47560-a13d-563e-8862-27a6f0334c7f.html
^ http://www.hastingstribune.com/news/family-claims--year-old-bitten-by-coyote/article_1be3ee0e-61a5-11e7-8f0a-b7222f6602fe.html
^ 12 august 2010 port aransas south jetty news http://www.portasouthjetty.com/news/2010-08-12/island_life/coyote_control.html
^ http://archive.azcentral.com/12news/news/articles/20110420cave-creek-toddler-bit-coyote-abrk.html
^ possibly rabid coyote attacks nh teen . bangor dailty news. 23 february 2012. retrieved 2 october 2013. new hampshire officials teenager walking dog in hopkinton attacked coyote , receiving course of rabies shots precaution. fish , game officials teen, name not released, walking family dog in wooded area near home when coyote approached. dog ran , coyote attacked teenager....officials teen punched coyote repeatedly in nose until ran off. teenager scratched , possibly bitten coyote.  
^ austin, texas. kvue abc kvue.com - 16 october 2012 http://www.kvue.com/news/austin-teen-says-coyote-attacked-him-174283131.html
^ coyote attacks teen jogger in johns creek . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ coyote bites teen outside grapevine movie theater . 15 july 2015. retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ toddler attacked coyote in vancouver suburb . 30 june 2009. retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ coyote attacks 5-year-old okanagan girl . global news, chbc news. 1 june 2010. retrieved 22 may 2013. young vernon girl recovering after being attacked coyote monday afternoon. girl suffered minor puncture wounds when animal attacked family walked small dog in greenbelt area near alexis park drive , 35th avenue @ 5pm. conservation officer josh lockwood says coyote attacks in bc rare, 4 attacks on humans in last 15 years. in incident, people walking had small dog attracted coyote s attention them, says lockwood. animal not found following search special response team. 
^ coyote shot near toronto after girl bitten . cbc news: toronto. 20 january 2012. retrieved 4 july 2014. 
^ fraser, don. family sounds alarm after coyote bites child . st. catharines standard. retrieved 26 october 2013. kevin gaudet, stepdad dakota, 8, says 2 on sidewalk last sept. 25, when animal lunged @ girl , bit ribcage area. turned around, had hold of foot, animal knee-high, said, adding bit dakota further torso. if d grabbed hold of it, going break neck....dakota taken st. catharines hospital, assessed coyote bite, say....as not isolate animal 10-day observation period, locate animal or confirm health status, recommended anti-rabies vaccine precautionary measure.  
^ alberta girl recovering after suspected coyote attack . 29 june 2015. retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ http://globalnews.ca/news/3558280/coyote-knocks-down-little-girl-in-surrey-b-c/
^ https://www.peacearchnews.com/news/coyote-drags-four-year-old-girl-to-ground-in-north-surrey/
^ campers undeterred coyote attack . retrieved 22 april 2017. 
^ nova scotia coyote bites teen . cbc news. may 15, 2012. retrieved may 17, 2012. 
^ coyote attack has new waterford on alert . cbc news nova scotia. retrieved 2012-09-22.