Female infertility Health effects of tobacco

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smoking harmful ovaries, potentially causing female infertility, , degree of damage dependent upon amount , length of time woman smokes. nicotine , other harmful chemicals in cigarettes interfere body’s ability create estrogen, hormone regulates folliculogenesis , ovulation. also, cigarette smoking interferes folliculogenesis, embryo transport, endometrial receptivity, endometrial angiogenesis, uterine blood flow , uterine myometrium. damage irreversible, stopping smoking can prevent further damage. smokers 60% more infertile non-smokers. smoking reduces chances of ivf producing live birth 34% , increases risk of ivf pregnancy miscarrying 30%.








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