Geology Albuquerque, New Mexico

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sandia peak ski area in sandia mountains



aerial view of rio grande flowing through albuquerque in 2016


albuquerque lies in albuquerque basin, portion of rio grande rift. sandia mountains predominant geographic feature visible in albuquerque. sandía spanish watermelon , , popularly believed reference brilliant coloration of mountains @ sunset: bright pink (melon meat) , green (melon rind). pink due large exposures of granodiorite cliffs, , green due large swaths of conifer forests. however, robert julyan notes in place names of new mexico, explanation 1 believed sandia pueblo indians: spaniards, when encountered pueblo in 1540, called sandia, because thought squash growing there watermelons, , name sandia transferred mountains east of pueblo. notes sandia pueblo indians call mountain bien mur, big mountain.


the sandia foothills, on west side of mountains, have soils derived same rock material varying sizes of decomposed granite, mixed areas of clay , caliche (a calcium carbonate deposit common in arid southwestern usa), along exposed granite bedrock.


below foothills, area called northeast heights consists of mix of clay , caliche soils, overlaying layer of decomposed granite, resulting long-term outwash of material adjacent mountains. bajada quite noticeable when driving albuquerque north or south, due uniform slope mountains edge downhill valley. sand hills scattered along i-25 corridor , directly above rio grande valley, forming lower end of heights.


the rio grande valley, due long-term shifting of actual river channel, contains layers , areas of soils varying between caliche, clay, loam, , sand. part of albuquerque water table lies close surface, less 10 feet (3.0 m).


the last significant area of albuquerque geologically west mesa: elevated land west of rio grande, including west bluff , sandy terrace west , above river, , rather sharply defined volcanic escarpment above , west of of developed city. west mesa commonly has soils referred blow sand , along occasional clay , caliche , basalt, nearing escarpment.









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