History Republic of Afghanistan

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1 history

1.1 formation
1.2 political reforms
1.3 rise of communism
1.4 saur revolution





history
formation

in july 1973, while mohammed zahir shah in italy undergoing eye surgery therapy lumbago, cousin , former prime minister mohammed daoud khan staged coup d état , established republican government. daoud khan had been forced resign prime minister zahir shah decade earlier. king abdicated following month rather risk all-out civil war.


political reforms

the same year, former prime minister of afghanistan mohammad hashim maiwandwal accused of plotting coup, though unclear if plan targeting new republican government or abolished monarchy. maiwandwal arrested , allegedly committed suicide in jail before trial, widespread belief says tortured death.


after seizing power, president mohammed daoud khan established own political party, national revolutionary party. party became sole focus of political activity in country. loya jirga approved new constitution establishing presidential one-party state in january 1977, political opponents being violently persecuted.


rise of communism

during daoud s presidency, relations soviet union deteriorated. saw shift more western-friendly leadership dangerous, including criticism of cuba s membership in non-aligned movement , expulsion of soviet military , economic advisers. suppression of political opposition furthermore turned soviet-backed people s democratic party (pdpa), important ally in 1973 coup against king, against him.


in 1976, daoud established seven-year economic plan country. started military training programs india , commenced economic development talks imperial iran. daoud turned attention oil rich middle eastern nations such saudi arabia, iraq , kuwait among others financial assistance.


daoud had achieved little of had set out accomplish in 1978. afghan economy hadn t made real progress , afghan standard of living had not risen. daoud had garnered criticism single party constitution in 1977 alienated him political supporters. time, 2 main factions of pdpa, locked in power struggle, had reached fragile agreement reconciliation. communist-sympathizing army officials planning move against government. according hafizullah amin, became afghan head of state in 1979, pdpa had started plotting coup in 1976, 2 years before materialized.


saur revolution


day after saur revolution in kabul.


the pdpa seized power in military coup in 1978 best known saur revolution. on april 27, troops military base @ kabul international airport started move towards center of capital. took 24 hours consolidate power, rapid push including air raid on presidential palace , insurgent army units seizing critical institutions , communication lines. daoud , of family executed following day.


nur muhammad taraki, general secretary of pdpa, proclaimed chairman of presidium of revolutionary council , succeeded mohammed daoud khan head of state. simultaneously became head of government of newly established democratic republic of afghanistan.








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