International stature Commissions of the Danube River

commemorative plaque @ lighthouse in sulina, tulcea county, romania, built european commission along river dykes , completed in november 1870

the european commission of danube first — , long time — international body have serious police , juridical powers on private vessels , individual people, , seen in 1930, example, history professor glen a. blackburn of united states unique organization.

without territorial possessions, nevertheless distinct international entity, possessing sovereignty on broad waters of danube. . . . these entirely discretionary functions need sanction of no group of nations, , there no appeal edicts of commission.

the lower section of danube, continued, more internationalized river because ced wielded independent administrative powers. concluded commission:

falls short of being bona fide member of family of nations because existence largely de facto , not de jure. . . . safe predict need protecting integrity of commission day lift out of twilight of statehood , accord full membership in league of nations.

to contrary, joseph l. kunz, professor of international law @ university of toledo in ohio, wrote in 1945 international river commissions organized on collegiate principle, composed of persons appointed contracting states, representing them , having act in conformity instructions of states. were, concluded, objects, not subjects, of international law.

stanford university history professor edward krehbiel suggested in 1918 other international administrative agents danube commission created handle specific problems. activities develop whole body of rules in effect foundation of super-state itself. commission, said:

offers organ through nations can approach 1 on basis of common or united action, instead of rivals, case in ambassadorial conference.

in regard ced, noted tariffs settled majority vote of commissioners , majority rule results in making law minority, , . . . therefore represents profound abasement of national sovereignty.

the establishments of ced guaranteed neutral (promulgated in 1865) , free of restraints of territorial authorities. owned , operated hospital seamen of countries, , flew flag ( composed of 5 parallel strips . . . arranged in following order of colour: — red, white, blue, white, , red, blue strip having height double of each of other strips, , bearing in white letters c.e.d. )