Systematics and evolution Phasianidae

-


the clade phasianidae largest of branch galliformes, comprising more 150 species. group includes pheasants , partridges, junglefowl chickens, quail , peafowl. turkeys , grouse have been recognized having origins in pheasant- , partridge-like birds.


until 1990s, family broken 2 subfamilies: phasianinae, including pheasants, tragopans, junglefowls, , peafowls; , perdicinae, including partridges, old world quails, , francolins. molecular phylogenies have shown these 2 subfamilies not each monophyletic constitute 1 lineage 1 common ancestor. example, partridges (genus perdix) more closely affiliated pheasants, whereas old world quails , partridges genus alectoris closer junglefowls.


the earliest fossil records of phasianids date late oligocene epoch, 30 million years ago.


a tentative list of subfamilies of phasianidae was: , extinct genus assignment follows mikko s phylogeny archive , paleofile.com websites.



†alectoris” pliocaena tugarinov 1940b
†bantamyx kuročkin 1982
†diangallus hou 1985
†“gallus” beremendensis jánossy 1976b
†“gallus” europaeus harrison 1978
†lophogallus zelenkov & kuročkin 2010
†megalocoturnix sánchez marco 2009
†miophasianus brodkorb 1952 [miophasianus lambrecht 1933 nomen nudum ; miogallus lambrecht 1933]
†palaeocryptonyx depéret 1892 [chauvireria boev 1997; pliogallus tugarinov 1940b non gaillard 1939; lambrechtia janossy 1974 ]
†palaeortyx milne-edwards 1869 [palaeoperdix milne-edwards 1869]
†plioperdix kretzoi 1955 [pliogallus tugarinov 1940 non gaillard 1939]
†rustaviornis burchak-abramovich & meladze 1972
†schaubortyx brodkorb 1964
†shandongornis yeh 1997
†shanxiornis wang et al. 2006
†tologuica zelenkov & kuročkin 2009
tropicoperdix blyth 1859 [phoenicoperdix hartlaub 1860; peloperdix jerdon 1864]
subfamily perdicinae horsfield 1821

melanoperdix jerdon 1864
rhizothera gray 1841
xenoperdix dinesen et al. 1994 (forest partridges)
arborophila hodgson 1837 (hill partridges)
rollulus bonnaterre 1791
caloperdix blyth 1861
ammoperdix gould 1851 (see-see & sand partridge)
synoicus bosc 1792
excalfactoria bonaparte 1856
anurophasis van oort 1910
margaroperdix reichenbach 1853
coturnix garsault 1764 (mouse pheasants)
tetraogallus gray 1832 (snowcocks)
alectoris kaup 1829 (rock partridges)
pternistis wagler 1832 (partridge-francolins; african spurfowls)
ophrysia bonaparte 1856
perdicula hodgson 1837 (bush quails)
bambusicola gould 1863 (bamboo partridges)
scleroptila blyth 1852
peliperdix bonaparte 1856
francolinus stephens 1819 (true francolins)
perdix brisson 1760 (true partridges)
haematortyx sharpe 1879
galloperdix blyth 1845 (indian spurfowls)
lerwa hodgson 1837
tetraophasis elliot 1871 (monal-partridges)


subfamily meleagridinae

meleagris (turkeys)


subfamily phasianinae (pheasants)

polyplectron temminck 1807 (peacock-pheasants)
gallus brisson 1760 (junglefowls)
ithaginis wagler 1832
tragopan cuvier 1829 non gray 1841 (horned pheasants)
lophophorus temminck 1813 non agassiz 1846 (monals)
rheinardia maingonnat 1882
argusianus rafinesque 1815
afropavo chapin 1936 (congo peacocks)
pavo linnaeus 1758 (peacocks)
syrmaticus wagler 1832 (long-tailed pheasants)
phasianus linnaeus 1758 (typical pheasants)
chrysolophus gray 1834 (ruffed pheasants)
lophura fleming 1822 non gray 1827 non walker 1856
catreus cabanis 1851
crossoptilon hodgson 1838 (eared pheasants)


subfamily tetraoninae (grouse)

†cynchramus zelenkov bonaparte 1828
†palaealectoris zelenkov wetmore 1930
†proagriocharis zelenkov martin & tate 1970
†rhegminornis zelenkov wetmore 1943
pucrasia gray 1841
bonasa stephens 1819
tetrastes keyserling & blasius 1840
centrocercus swainson 1832 (sage-grouse)
dendragapus elliot 1864
tympanuchus gloger 1841 (prairie-chickens)
lagopus brisson 1760 (ptarmigans)
falcipennis elliot 1864
tetrao linnaeus 1758 (capercaillies & black grouse)



phylogeny

living galliformes based on work john boyd.



































































































































































































































































































Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CACHEbox ApplianSys

-
cachebox230 server appliance cachebox s caching engine employs code squid project. in 2005 launched becta approved protex content filtering service in collaboration east of england broadband network, represent more 2800 schools across 10 authorities. in 2006, acquired assets , customer base of rival freedom2. has since expanded activity north american schools market , caching device requested schools 2015 e-rate funding.
Read more

Kinship systems Apache

-
hide painting depicting apache girl s puberty ceremony, naiche (chiricahua apache), ca. 1900, oklahoma history center the chiricahua language has 4 different words grandparent: -chú maternal grandmother , -tsúyé maternal grandfather , -chʼiné paternal grandmother , -nálé paternal grandfather . additionally, grandparent s siblings identified same word; thus, 1 s maternal grandmother, 1 s maternal grandmother s sisters, , 1 s maternal grandmother s brothers called -chú. furthermore, grandparent terms reciprocal, is, grandparent use same term refer grandchild in relationship. example, person s maternal grandmother called -chú , maternal grandmother call person -chú (i.e. -chú can mean child of either own daughter or sibling s daughter.) chiricahua cousins not distinguished siblings through kinship terms. thus, same word refer either sibling or cousin (there not separate terms parallel-cousin , cross-cousin). additionally, terms used according sex of speaker (unlike english terms broth...
Read more

Western Apache Apache

-
a western apache woman san carlos group western apache include northern tonto, southern tonto, cibecue, white mountain , san carlos groups. while these subgroups spoke same language , had kinship ties, western apaches considered separate each other, according goodwin. other writers have used term refer non-navajo apachean peoples living west of rio grande (thus failing distinguish chiricahua other apacheans). goodwin s formulation: apache peoples have lived within present boundaries of state of arizona during historic times exception of chiricahua, warm springs, , allied apache, , small band of apaches known apache mansos, lived in vicinity of tucson. cibecue western apache group, according goodwin, north of salt river between tonto , white mountain apache, consisting of ceder creek, carrizo, , cibecue (proper) bands. san carlos. western apache group ranged closest tucson according goodwin. group consisted of apache peaks, arivaipa, pinal, san carlos (proper) bands. arivaipa (also ara...
Read more