Life and government André-Hercule de Fleury

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the duc d orléans council cardinal fleury


in foreign affairs, maintenance of peace preoccupation shared sir robert walpole, , 2 old enemies refrained war during fleury s ministry. jacobite sympathizers in france had formed lodges of freemasons; attempts influence fleury support stuart faction led instead raids on premises, , fleury urged pope clement xii issue bull in 1738 forbade roman catholics become freemasons under threat of excommunication. reluctance supported ambitious projects of elizabeth farnese, queen of spain, in italy guaranteeing in 1729 succession of don carlos duchies of parma , tuscany. french diplomacy losing military bite. fleury s cagey double game corsican revolutionaries under elder paoli, smuggled arms island while assuring genoese of french support. fleury began manipulations landed corsica in arms of france in 1768.


fleury s economies in army , navy, elsewhere, found nation poorly prepared when in 1733 war forced upon france. compelled court opinion support claims of louis xv s father-in-law stanislaus leszczynski polish crown on death of augustus ii, against russian , austrian candidate; despatch of french expedition gdańsk turned humiliation. fleury pressed advisor germain louis chauvelin more energetic measures; concluded close alliance spanish bourbons , sent armies against austrians twice. military successes on rhine , in italy secured favorable terms of treaty of vienna (1735–1738). france had joined other powers in guaranteeing succession of maria theresa under pragmatic sanction. diplomatic quibble, fleury found excuse on death of charles vi in 1740 repudiating engagements, when found party of war supreme in king s counsels. after disasters of bohemian campaign @ outbreak of war of austrian succession wrote in confidence humble letter habsburg general, königsegg, published it. fleury disavowed own letter, , died in issy-les-moulineaux, few days after french evacuation of prague on 20 january 1743.


he had enriched royal library many valuable oriental manuscripts, , member of académie française 1717, of academy of science, , academy of inscriptions.


in years following fleury s death, escalating franco-british skirmishes @ sea culminated in declaration of war britain in march 1744, war had avoided long, war ending relatively peaceful period 1713–1744, period referred thirty years peace of cardinal dubois , philippe d orléans primary architects.








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