African-American movements Islamic schools and branches

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^ pipes, daniel; diouf, sylviane a. (december 2000). servants of allah: african muslims enslaved in americas sylviane a. diouf. reviewed daniel pipes . middle east quarterly. retrieved 2017-06-16. 
^ berg, herbert (2005). mythmaking in african american muslim context: moorish science temple, nation of islam, , american society of muslims (pdf). journal of american academy of religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075. 
^ aging of moors . chicago reader. retrieved 15 february 2015. 
^ milton c. sernett (1999). african american religious history: documentary witness. duke university press. pp. 499-501.
^ elijah muhammad. history of nation of islam. booksguide (2008). pp. 10.
^ evolution of community, wdm publications, 1995.
^ lincoln, c. eric. (1994) black muslims in america, third edition, (grand rapids, michigan: william b. eerdmans publishing company) page 265.






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