Romania.27s struggle for control Commissions of the Danube River

-


carol of romania


meanwhile, romania desired outright abolition of ced, having made suggestion first time in 1881, when king carol said insist on mouths being exclusively controlled romanian officials. statement led break austria-hungary, , carol forced late in year dispatch message of deep regret offense had been given austria.


the country renewed demands in 1919 @ paris peace conference , in 1921 @ danube conference. on both instances, overruled. romania changed tactics, not motives, @ conference of lausanne in 1923, when affairs of middle east discussed. on occasion, romania suggested powers of ced should expanded; given control on bosporus , dardanelles.



of course acceptance of proposal have meant end of effective control of danube, commission, far mouths of danube , charged new tasks, have hardly been able fulfill primary tasks, , actual control of lower danube have devolved upon rumania.



wrote joseph d. somogyi in 1948.



a 2004 photo of sulina channel of danube river, leading black sea


in 1924, romania suggested activities of commission limited; country charged trial , punishment of shipping violators, similar method used newer, upriver international danube commission. suggestion rejected other powers. balked internationally, romanian government began internal propaganda campaign in 1926 nationalize sulina channel, without concurrence of other nations. spokesmen claimed ced had failed keep channel clear, resulting in situation empty boats cross it; commission replied silt had piled during war when romania had full control.


meanwhile, romania resorted lawsuit assert jurisdiction on upriver stretch. noted jurisdiction of ced had been extended river galatz ibraila treaty of london of 1883, in framing , signing of romania had not participated. in 1921 2 vessels collided in disputed sector, , ced s inspector assumed police , jurisdictional powers on romania s protest. case taken league of nations, in 1926 sent matter permanent court of international justice @ request of britain, france, italy, , romania. latter country lost on counts. court decided ced s powers extend on whole of maritime danube.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CACHEbox ApplianSys

-
cachebox230 server appliance cachebox s caching engine employs code squid project. in 2005 launched becta approved protex content filtering service in collaboration east of england broadband network, represent more 2800 schools across 10 authorities. in 2006, acquired assets , customer base of rival freedom2. has since expanded activity north american schools market , caching device requested schools 2015 e-rate funding.
Read more

Kinship systems Apache

-
hide painting depicting apache girl s puberty ceremony, naiche (chiricahua apache), ca. 1900, oklahoma history center the chiricahua language has 4 different words grandparent: -chú maternal grandmother , -tsúyé maternal grandfather , -chʼiné paternal grandmother , -nálé paternal grandfather . additionally, grandparent s siblings identified same word; thus, 1 s maternal grandmother, 1 s maternal grandmother s sisters, , 1 s maternal grandmother s brothers called -chú. furthermore, grandparent terms reciprocal, is, grandparent use same term refer grandchild in relationship. example, person s maternal grandmother called -chú , maternal grandmother call person -chú (i.e. -chú can mean child of either own daughter or sibling s daughter.) chiricahua cousins not distinguished siblings through kinship terms. thus, same word refer either sibling or cousin (there not separate terms parallel-cousin , cross-cousin). additionally, terms used according sex of speaker (unlike english terms broth...
Read more

Western Apache Apache

-
a western apache woman san carlos group western apache include northern tonto, southern tonto, cibecue, white mountain , san carlos groups. while these subgroups spoke same language , had kinship ties, western apaches considered separate each other, according goodwin. other writers have used term refer non-navajo apachean peoples living west of rio grande (thus failing distinguish chiricahua other apacheans). goodwin s formulation: apache peoples have lived within present boundaries of state of arizona during historic times exception of chiricahua, warm springs, , allied apache, , small band of apaches known apache mansos, lived in vicinity of tucson. cibecue western apache group, according goodwin, north of salt river between tonto , white mountain apache, consisting of ceder creek, carrizo, , cibecue (proper) bands. san carlos. western apache group ranged closest tucson according goodwin. group consisted of apache peaks, arivaipa, pinal, san carlos (proper) bands. arivaipa (also ara...
Read more